If a student tests themselves on material to improve future recall, which practice are they using?

• A. Encoding
• B. Storage
• C. Feedback
• D. Retrieval practice

Answer: (D)

Retrieval practice is actively pulling information from memory to strengthen learning. When you test yourself on material, you’re practicing recall, which reinforces the memory trace and makes future retrieval easier. This leverages the testing effect, showing that memory improves more with retrieval attempts than with extra rereading. It’s distinct from encoding (initially learning new information), storage (maintaining what’s learned), or feedback (information about correctness). Even without immediate feedback, the act of retrieving helps solidify knowledge, and feedback after retrieval can further refine accuracy. Self-testing methods like flashcards, practice quizzes, or writing what you remember all build stronger retrieval pathways.