Metacognition is thinking about one's own thinking. Which three components comprise self-regulated learning?

• A. Memorization, repetition, and testing.
• B. Planning, monitoring, and evaluating (reflection).
• C. Perception, attention, and processing.
• D. Motivation, emotion, and behavior.

Answer: (B)

Self-regulated learning centers on how a learner actively controls their study using a cycle of planning, monitoring, and evaluating. Planning sets goals and selects strategies before work. Monitoring involves checking understanding and progress while studying, adjusting tactics as needed. Evaluating (reflection) looks at what happened after the effort—did you achieve the goal, what worked, what didn’t—and uses that insight to plan better next time. These three pieces together capture the full loop of how a learner manages, adapts, and improves their approach.

The other options describe either specific study tactics (memorization, repetition, testing) or general cognitive processes (perception, attention, processing) or broader facets of self-regulation (motivation, emotion, behavior) but do not delineate the actual self-regulated learning cycle.