Which adaptation pair is appropriate for learners with dyslexia and ADHD within typical classrooms?

• A. Dyslexia: randomized instruction; ADHD: long, unstructured tasks
• B. Dyslexia: explicit structured literacy; ADHD: predictable routines
• C. Dyslexia: minimal phonics; ADHD: avoid movement breaks
• D. Dyslexia: minimize visual aids; ADHD: eliminate routines

Answer: (B)

Explicit, systematic literacy instruction is essential for learners with dyslexia. Structured literacy delivers decoding and spelling skills in explicit, sequenced steps, often using multisensory approaches. This targeted, transparent approach helps dyslexic learners build the foundation of reading accuracy and fluency by reducing guesswork and cognitive load.

For students with ADHD, predictable routines provide stability that supports attention and behavior. Clear schedules, consistent transitions, and defined expectations reduce uncertainty and the mental effort required to navigate the classroom, making it easier to stay focused on tasks.

Together, these supports—explicit structured literacy for dyslexia and predictable routines for ADHD—fit well in a typical classroom and align with evidence-based practices. The other pairings miss key supports: they either dilute essential decoding instruction for dyslexia or eliminate the structure that helps ADHD learners manage attention and behavior.